Keleman developed somatic therapy for over 40 years. He believes that "our somatic structure determines how we perceive the world. It determines that we be in the world in our particular way." (Keleman, p. 32) http://junginvermont.blogspot.com/2010/02/body-and-archetype-presentation.html
The Male Fear of the Feminine
Jungian analysts Guy Corneau and Eugene Monick argue that the establishment and maintenance of the male identity is more delicate and fraught with complication than that of the establishment and maintenance of the female identity. Such psychologists suggest that this may be because men are born of the female body, and thus are born from a body that is a different gender from themselves. Women, on the other hand, are born from a body that is the same gender as their own.“ | A woman simply is, but a man must become. Masculinity is risky and elusive. It is achieved by a revolt from woman, and it is confirmed only by other men.[1] | ” |
The male fear of the feminine is a phenomenon that has been discussed since the 1930s. It was first introduced by the German psychoanalyst and critic of Freudian theory, Karen Horney (1932) in her paper titled “the dread of women.” Erich Neumann (1954), a German born Jungian analyst, dedicated one essay to the discussion, titled “The fear of the feminine” (Orig: Die Angst vor dem Weiblichen, 1959). Neumann regards “patriarchal normality as a form of fear of the feminine” (p.261).
A later contributor is Chris Blazina, based at Tennessee State University, a psychoanalyst of the Kleinian object relations school. Blazina considers that “the fear of the feminine helps define what is masculine” (1997). In 1986, James O’Neil et al. theorized that the male fear of the feminine is a core aspect of the male psyche. He developed a 37-question psychometric test, a gender role conflict scale (GRCS), to measure the extent to which a man is in conflict with traditional masculine role values. This test is built upon the notion of the male fear of the feminine.[6]
In 2003, Werner Kierski, a London based German born psychotherapist and researcher, associated with humanistic psychology and transpersonal and existential psychotherapyBritish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). designed the first empirical research into the male fear of the feminine with the results published in 2007 and presented to the public at the 2007 annual conference of the American Men’s Studies Association (AMSA) and at the 2007 research conference of the
According to the various sources, the male fear of the feminine is connected to influences from their mothers and to cultural norms that prescribe how men must behave in order to feel accepted as men.
According to Kierski (2007), the fear of the feminine acts in two ways: a) Like an internal monitor to ensure that men stay within the boundaries of what is regarded as masculine, i.e. being action orientated, self-reliant, guarded, and seemingly independent; b) if a man fails to experience this and feels out of control, vulnerable or dependent, the fear of the feminine can act like a defence, leading to splitting off, repressing, or projecting those feelings.
Figure 1: Male fear of the feminine as an internal monitor and as a defense. Source: Werner Kierski.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masculine_psychology#cite_note-0
Blazina, C. 1997. The Fear of the Feminine in the Western Psyche and the Masculine Task of Dissidentification. The Journal of Men's Studies Vol 9, no 22.
Blazina, C. (2003). The Cultural Myth of Masculinity. Westport, CT: Praeger. (ISBN 0-275-97990-3)
Horney, K. (1932). The dread of woman. International Journal of Psycho- Analysis, 13, republished in Grigg, R., Hecq, D., and Smith, C., (Eds) (1999). Female Sexuality: The Early Psychoanalytic Controversies. London: Rebus Press. (ISBN 10-1892746395)
Kierski, W. 2002. Female violence: can we therapists face up to it? Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal, Vol 13, no 10, December 2002, p. 32-35. (ISSN 1474-5372)[1]
Kierski, W. 2007. Men and the Fear of the Feminine. Self&Society [2]. Vol 34, no 5. March-April 2007, p. 27-33.
Neumann, E. 1994. The Fear of the Feminine. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (ISBN 0-691-03473-7) (First published in German as: die Angst vor dem Weiblichen, 1959. Zürich: Racher Verlag)
O’Neil, J.M., Helmes, B.J., Gable, R.K., David, L.,Wrightsman, L.S. 1986. Gender-Role-Conflict-Scale: College men’s fear of the feminine. Sex Roles. No. 14, p. 335-350.